Grouper

The sensitivity of groupers to fishing pressureFishing pressure:
Fishing pressure is a result of the fishing effort/amount of fishing on a stock, which determines the fishing mortality. Fishing mortality is the share of the fish stock that dies annually as a result of fishing. varies greatly depending on the species. One of the factors that makes groupers sensitive to fishing pressure is spawning in schools. This makes them an easy target for fishermen. Groupers have a high market value and are mostly caught in developing countries by small-scale fishermen.

Groupers are caught in part with bottomBottom trawls:
A fishing technique in which cone-shaped nets terminating in a codend are dragged through the water column or along the bottom. trawls. Since this species is often found in areas with coral reefs, trawling with nets can be very harmful. Nets can snag or catch species that also occur on the reef, such as sea turtles.

Fishery management for groupers is regulated at the national level. Most countries have closed areas and rules for meshMesh size:
Feature of a trawl: the distance between two wires in a triangle-shaped mesh. The mesh-size determines the size of fish caught in the net.   size, seasonal or otherwise. Individual management by fishery is mostly lacking. The managementManagement:
The regulations surrounding fisheries and aquaculture that ensure that production is carried out within legal frameworks and that sustainability can be assured. of this species is not effective.