The last assessment in this area for semi-intensive farming was carried out in 2024, for flow-through systems in 2022, and for cages in 2018.
Aquaculture of gilthead seabream in the Mediterranean Sea and Spain is performing moderately. The species is farmed in cages, flow-through systems and semi-intensive ponds. All production methods require feed containing a relatively high proportion of fishmeal and fish oil, although the origin of the raw materials is generally well traceable.
The environmental impacts vary between farming systems. Cages have the greatest impact because waste is discharged directly into the environment and there is a risk of escapes and the spread of diseases and parasites. Flow-through systems perform better in these areas but also discharge waste into the environment. Semi-intensive ponds generally have the lowest impact and can even provide valuable habitat for wildlife, although they may also affect estuaries. The use of antibiotics and other chemical treatments is generally limited, while animal welfare varies between farming systems. Semi-intensive systems are the preferred option and are the only farming method to score green for resource use.
Management is considered largely effective. There are no AIPs available for these farms. Several companies hold independent certifications, such as GlobalG.A.P., BAP or organic certification, but no ASC certification is available for these production systems.